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Jean de Venette, or Jean Fillons〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. The Chronicles of Jean de Venette (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953) Introduction par 2)〕 ( – ) was a French Carmelite friar, from Venette, Oise, who became the Prior of the Carmelite monastery in the Place Maubert, Paris, and was a Provincial Superior of France from 1341 to 1366.〔''( Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed. Cambridge University Press'' )''/〕 He is the author of ''L'Histoire des Trois Maries'', a long French poem on the legend of the Three Marys, giving his name at the start of the text,〔''"L'Histoire Des Trois Maries" by Jean de Venette, O. Carm'', ed. Michael T. Driscoll, Centre de Recherche et de Documentation, 1975〕 and has since 1735 been also regarded as the author of an anonymous Latin chronicle of the period of the Hundred Years War between England and France. In recent decades it has been questioned whether these were in fact the same author, although it seems that both were Carmelites. Other historians see no reason to create an extra author,〔Cohn, Samuel Kline. ''( Popular Protest in Late-Medieval Europe: Italy, France and Flanders )'', Manchester University Press, 2004. p. 170〕 but recent French publications tend to refer to the "Chronique dite de Jean de Venette" ("Chronicle said to be by Jean de Venette").〔(Arlima bibliography )〕 By his own account the chronicler was of peasant origin, and his view of the events of his lifetime has a significantly different perspective from that of other chroniclers.〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. The Chronicles of Jean de Venette (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953) Introduction〕 == The Chronicle == The ''Chronicle'' is a narrative of several historical events spanning the years of 1340 and 1368, written as early as 1340, until Jean de Venette’s death at or soon after the year 1368. When it was first published in the Spicilegium, vol. 3, it was included as the "second continuation" of the popular earlier chronicle of William of Nangis (died 1300).〔 This survived in a number of manuscripts, but it was later realized that one MS British Library MS Arundel 28, contains only Venette's chronicle, in a version with significant differences to those appended elsewhere to Nangis' work. This manuscript was later translated into English by Jean Birdsall, and was published as ''The Chronicle of Jean de Venette'' in 1953, edited and annotated by Richard A. Newhall, Brown Professor of European History, Williams College. Brown and Birdsall's contention that the Arundel MS contains a text closer to Venette's original than other versions has been generally accepted.〔''The Chronicle of Jean de Venette'' by R. A. Newhall, Review by John Le Patourel, ''The English Historical Review'', Vol. 70, No. 274 (Jan., 1955), pp. 147-148, (JSTOR ); Jean Birdsall was late Associate Professor of History, Vassar College, Richard A. Newhall, Brown Professor of European History, Williams College.〕 As many of the portions were recorded contemporaneously〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. ''The Chronicles of Jean de Venette'' (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953) line 4-5〕 and in a chronological fashion, it gives a very reliable first hand account of several historical events. The evidence seems to indicate a dual authorship from 1340 to 1368.〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. ''The Chronicles of Jean de Venette'' (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953) Introduction〕 During the years 1358-1359 the entries were contemporary with the events recorded; the earlier portion of the work, if it was begun as early as 1340, was subjected to revision later, though Venette himself states on the first page of his chronicle (1340) he is recording events "...in great measure as I have seen and heard them."〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. ''The Chronicles of Jean de Venette'' (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953) chpt. (1340) p. 1)〕 The Chronicle begins in the year 1340 at which time Jean de Venette talks about the revelations of a (unnamed) priest who was held prisoner by the Saracens for 13 years and freed in 1309 who foretold of a vision of a great famine which would occur in 1315 and other horrible things which were to happen thereafter. Venette states that he was seven or eight in this year and indeed the famine did occur exactly as predicted and lasted two years. He then tells the background of the fight for the crown of France after the death of Philip the Fair and the claims of Edward I of England to that throne, thus describing the background to the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. His history is detailed and precise. He also describes the Battle of Crecy in 1356, The Peasant's War, and the siege of Calais, again with great detail.〔Jean Birdsall edited by Richard A. Newhall. ''The Chronicles of Jean de Venette'' (N.Y. Columbia University Press. 1953)〕 According to one scholar, "Jean de Venette is not a first-class chronicler. He is often inaccurate or muddled, and there are few matters of real importance for which he is our sole or principal authority. The interest of the chronicle lies in the fact that it is the work of an intelligent and not uncritical observer, well placed to witness great and often tragic events, who provides a useful corrective to Froissart's aristocratic romanticism and is quite uninfluenced by the official Valois version of affairs, the version preserved by the Saint Denis chroniclers and still largely accepted by French historians."〔Le Patourel review, see above, p. 148〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean de Venette」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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